论刑法解释与解释文本的同步效力——兼论刑法适用的逻辑路径

On the Synchronous Effectiveness of Criminal Law Interpretation and the Interpretation Text——And on the Logical Route Applied to Criminal Law

我国刑法学界有观点认为,依照刑法关于溯及力的规定,能够直接推论出,刑法立法解释和司法解释也必须遵循“从旧兼从轻”的原则,否则便违反罪刑法定原则。这是不符合逻辑的。解决此问题应当遵循逻辑原则。刑法原则、规则的适用范围不应扩张至其逻辑倾向衰竭的场合,在其逻辑倾向强烈且没有衰弱的时候应当受到尊重而不宜被强行扭曲。在我国,刑法立法解释、司法解释和判例均不属于刑法的渊源,不受从旧兼从轻原则的限制。相反,刑法解释具有与解释文本即刑法同步的时间效力。

In the field of criminal jurisprudence, there is a viewpoint that according to the provisions about retroactivity, it can be directly inferred that criminal legislative interpretation and judicial interpretation must also follow the principle of ＂observing old laws and light punishment＂, or the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime would be violated. This is not logical. To settle the problem should observe the principle of logic. The application of the principles and rules of criminal law should not be extended to situation in which logic tendency thereof is prostrate. When its logic tendency is strong, it should be respected and not easily be twisted by force. In China, criminal law interpretation, judicial interpretation and precedents are not the sources of criminal law and not limited by the principle of observing old laws and light punishment. On the contrary, criminal law interpretation has the same synchronous time effectiveness with that of the interpretation, i.e. the criminal law.