断裂的传统:清末废科举对宪政改革的影响

The Broken Tradition: Abolition of Chinese Imperial Examination System and Constitutional Reform

科举,作为整合传统中国的文化教育、官吏选拔、精英政治的制度中枢,于1905年清末新政中一朝被废。废科举之后,沟通传统教育与传统政治的桥梁断裂了,士绅阶层出现巨大分化,官僚体系中的书生群体被军人集团取而代之。清末宪政改革的失败,自废科举时起,便埋下了伏笔。

The Chinese imperial examination system, by which the cultural education, civil service and elite administration have been modulated, was abolished in 1905. Consequentially, the connection between traditional education and tradition politics was broken, the gentry rank diversifying, the military group substituting for intellectual rank in the bureaucratic system. The failure of the constitutional reform at the end of Qing Dynasty has been foreshadowed by the abolition of imperial examination system.