补偿、政府目标与民营化障碍——对我国国有企业民营化改革障碍的思考

Compensation,Government Goals and Privatization Obstacle——In View of Privatization Obstacle for the State-owned Enterprises in China

中国的经济体制改革形成了一个竞争性市场,在这个竞争性市场上,民营企业具有较国有企业更高的效率,那么,在实践中民营化改革何以依旧争议不断,阻碍重重?改革是一个利益博弈过程,处理好各利益相关者的利益关系是改革成败的关键。从直观上看,只要效率提高了,就可以实现对利益受损者进行补偿,使各利益相关者都能从中受益,共同利益空间越大,改革的阻力就越小。但是,帕累托改进要求原企业经营者和职工得到完全补偿,这抬高了新所有者收购价格的下限,而政府的多重目标又使改制的利益空间收缩。文章从补偿和政府职能目标对改制的利益空间产生影响这一角度,来分析民营化的障碍,指出补偿要求和多重政府职能会影响改制的利益空间,从而阻碍了国企民营化的顺利推进。

The economic reform in China has brought a competitive market in which private enterprises boast higher efficiency than state-owned enterprises. Since then, in practice, why the privatization cannot be enforced effectively？ Reform is a benefit game whose key point lay in coordinating the benefit relationship among stakeholders well. Apparently when efficiency is improved, each stakeholder will benefit, the sharing benefit space will grow, and the reform resistances will decrease. Pareto improvement, however, requires a complete compensation system for previous enterprise managers and the staff, which raise the lowest price of buying out. Moreover, the multiple targets of government make the benefit space narrow. This paper analyzes the obstacle of privatization and points out that compensation and multiple government targets negatively influence the benefit space, which in turn obstructs the privatization.