日本旱地农业研究与开发

Research and Development of Upland Agriculture in Japan

日本旱地占总耕地面积的４５．６％，主要分布于火山灰土地带。随着社会经济的发展和技术的进步，旱地农业研究与开发受到重视：（１）依据土壤水分动态和作物对水分胁迫敏感程度确定灌溉方案，并推行节水灌溉技术和灌溉设施的多目的利用；（２）注重不良性土壤的化学改良，并通过磷酸质资材的施用和厩肥的连用进行土壤培肥；（３）采用深耕、混层耕和反耘客土耕等土壤耕作措施进行土层改良；（４）机械电子化、自动化、电脑化和农业情报化等加速了高技术农业的发展；（５）土地改良事业的长期实施使农业基本设施、土地条件、生态环境和农村生活环境得到综合整备，强化了旱地农业的持续能力。

In Japan upland accounts for about 45.6%of total cultuvated area,main-ly spread ing over the regions with volcanic as h s oils.With the ad vances in s ociai econoo-my and scientific technology,great attention has been paid to the research and develop-ment of upland agriculture:(1)The irrigation schemes are formulated in accordance withsol moisture dpoamics and crop sensitivity to water stress,and water-saving irrigationtechnique and multi-purpose utilization of irrigation facilities are extended.(2) Muchstress is laid on the improvement of poor soils by chemical methods;and phosphatic ma-terials and barnyard manure are used to better soil fertility,(3)Such soil tillage methodsas subsoiling,mixing-layer cultivation and reverse weeding tillage are adopted to im-prove soils.(4)Mechanical electricalization,automation,robotization and agriculturalinformationization are used to accelerate the development of hi-tech agriculture,(5)Theimplementation of long-term land improvement projects makes it possible for agro-in-ftastructures,land conditions.eco-environment and rural living conditiofls or environ-ments to be further improved comprehensively so that the sustained ability of uplandagriculture can be further intensif1ed.