利奥波德的土地伦理观及其生态环境学意义

Leopold's Land Ethic Ideas and Its Value in Ecological Environment

利奥波德土地伦理思想的主要贡献在于:1)提出了土地共同体概念并把伦理范畴扩展到人与土地共同体之间的关系,其目的是建立一种正确的人与土地的关系,即人与自然之间的和谐关系;2)构想了“生物区系金字塔”理论模型,借用生态学范畴(如“能量流”和“食物链”等)来说明自然体系的复杂性及运行机理。土地伦理观以生态学视角重新审视自然有机体,深化了人类对环境的认识并推进了美国和世界的环保实践。通过引证和逻辑分析方法,在概要介绍土地伦理思想内容的基础上对其生态环境学意义提出新的认识。

Aldo Leopold＇ s most important contribution is to give a new concept namely＂ Land Community＂and extend ethic to the relation between human and nature and advance land ethic ideas. In Leopold＇ s view, ＂the land＂encompasses much more than mere inert earth but includes soils,waters,plants,and animals and is not a commodity that we own but a community to which we belong. Furt hermore, Leopold gave us, famously, a new commandment： a thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community, it is wrong when it tends otherwise, which is the ethic standard of human action on nature and land commu- nity. Aldo Leopold＇ s land ethic contains much ecological wisdom and insight and his land ethic ideas as a whole has made an invaluable contribution to environmental ethics and the dissemination of ecological ideas into popular consciousness. Perhaps most important, Leopold＇s ideas makes us aware that an ethical stance toward natural creatures and environment is necessary in order to change the role of Homo sapiens from conqueror of the land - community to plain member and citizen of it. Actually, Aldo Leopold＇ s land ethic has a much more abroad significance and value：it surmounts the traditional utilitarianism conservation ideas, deepens the humanity＇s understanding of the nature and the land,and promotes birth and development of the ecology and the environment ethics. Land ethic does also enable ourselves to forge a new relationship between the human and land communities which is healthy and whole. What is more, the combination of ethics and ecology has moved us from conservationism to environmentalism and now places us into the postmodem era where many traditional boundaries and thought - structures are being dissolved.