液压缸活塞密封性能的有限元分析

Finite Element Analysis of Piston Seals Property of Hydraulic Cylinders

以某油缸的活塞密封为研究对象,运用有限元分析方法,借助ANSYS软件对O形圈和唇形圈进行了有限元分析,并比较了二者综合等效应力分布情况。结果表明:密封圈的应力集中区域为密封圈与缸筒接触以及密封圈挤进间隙且与活塞沟槽(或者挡圈)接触的区域,这两个部位是密封圈的薄弱环节;唇形圈内部的应力分布比O形圈内部的应力分布明显均匀,应力集中现象不明显,从理论上验证了采用唇形圈代替O形圈的密封方式,能够在一定程度上解决由密封失效引起的油缸内泄的设想;用有限元方法研究液压缸密封性能具有直观、快速、可靠的优势,该思路和方法同样适用于其它类型的密封元件。

With the piston seals of one type of cylinders as the research object, the O-rings and the lip seals were studied with finite element method and ANSYS software, and their equivalent stress was compared. The results show that the stress concentration consists in the contact region between the sealing rings and the cylinder tube, and between the sealing rings that squashed into the gap and the piston groove, the regions are unsubstantial. The internal stress distribution of the lip seals is more symmetrical than that of the O-rings,and the stress concentration of the lip seals is unobvious, it proves that the idea that replacing the O-rings with the lip seals to reduce the leakage caused by the seals wore and tore is correct in theory. It is verified that researching the property of the seals of the hydraulic cylinders with the finite element method has the advantage of intuition, quickness and reliability, and the method is suitable for the analysis of other types of seals.