基因倍增研究进展

Progress on gene duplication research

基因倍增是指DNA片段在基因组中复制出一个或更多的拷贝,这种DNA片段可以是一小段基因组序列、整条染色体,甚至是整个基因组。基因倍增是基因组进化最主要的驱动力之一,是产生具有新功能的基因和进化出新物种的主要原因之一。本文综述了脊椎动物、模式植物和酵母在进化过程中基因倍增研究领域的最新进展,并讨论了基因倍增研究的发展方向。

Gene duplication is defined as segment of DNA, which may be a small genome sequence, whole chromosome, even whole genome, duplicating one or more copies. Around 15% of genes in the human genome are believed to arise from duplication events, whereas gene duplicates account for 8%-20% of the Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Saccharomyces cervisiae genomes. The rates of gene duplication in these model species are estimated at between 0.2% and 2% per gene per million years. Gene duplication is one of the primary driving forces in the evolution of genomes and genetic systems, The diversification of gene functions during evolution requires prior gene duplication, gene duplication is very important in the evolution. Gene duplication is believed to be a major mechanism for the establishment of new gene functions and the generation of evolutionary novelty. This paper summarized the research results on gene duplications in the genomes of vertebrates, plants and yeasts during their evolution.