高吸水性树脂对土壤物理性状的影响

EFFECTS OF SOME SYNTHETIC HIGH WATER-RETAINING RESINS ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

高吸水性树脂掺入土壤中,可使土壤在低吸力范围内增加含水量。此点以长春 IAC-13效果最好。一般施用量为土壤的0.5%时,可增加含水量1.5倍左右。高吸水性树脂掺入土壤后,土面蒸发速率增高。由于增加了土壤含水量,可延长高蒸发速率蒸发的时间。混有高吸水性树脂的土壤阻滞水的入渗,饱和导水率降低1～2个数量级,阻滞时间并不长。高吸水性树脂对粗质地土壤效果最为明显。大田施用高吸水性树脂并不经济,对不计成本的固沙植草造林,盆栽名贵花卉等事业可能有一定意义。

Effect of applying five synthetic high watrer-absorbing resins (1.KH841 Beijing Sample;2.Lanzhou Sample'crystal';3.Lanzhou Sample 'Slice';4.IAC-13 Changchun Sample;5.Yangzhou KH841)on soil water eva- poration,retention and transfer properties were studied.Results obtained may be summarized as follows:1.Addition of resins studied on soil surface enhanced soil water evaporation.Applications of resins at lower part of soil surface layer retarded saturated water flow to deeper layer in a limited time interval (1～2 week).Continuous supply of water to soil leached resins downward. Effect of bunch application is better.2.Field applications of resins less than 1% to soils at lower suction increased soil water content close to resins amoun- ted to 2～3 times.Pronounced effect of water retentions amount on to 10 times to check produced only at a dosage of resins 5% to soils.Thus,resins may be used in pots to precious or valuable crops only.Field use of resins is too expen- sive.3.Effect of resins was found to be most pronounced in coarse-textured soils.4.Abilities of resins studied in retention of water were found to be in following order:IAC-13-Changchun,KH841-Beijing,KH841-Yangzhou and Lanzhou samples.