国民经济的持续发展与矿产资源的保护和可持续利用

The Relation Between Sustainable Development of National Economics and Protection and Sustainable Use of Mineral Resources

矿产资源是不可再生的自然资源，当前经济建设中95％的能源和80％的工业原料依赖矿产资源的供给，尽管中国矿产资源总量丰富，但人均占有量不到世界平均水平的一半，同时过去以单纯的矿产资源的消耗和浪费换取经济数量的增长的粗放型生产模式导致了矿产资源浪费巨大，利用效率低下，加之开发应用过程中环境成本过高，生态环境质量日益恶化，从而加剧了矿产资源的供需矛盾，削弱了经济发展的基础。进入21世纪，我国许多重要的矿产对经济建设的保证程度将严重不足，因此必须依靠科学技术、市场机制和经济手段，合理配置，高效利用矿产资源，保护生态环境，以最低的环境成本实现矿产资源的可持续利用。

Mineral resources are non-renewable natural resources. Currently, 95% of energy and 80%of industrial raw materials need for economic construction depend upon the mineral resources supply. Although China is rich in mineral resources in terms of their total, the per capita figures is less than half of the world's average. The traditional mode of resources consuming development and current inefficient economy are severely threatening the lasting utilization of mineral resources. At the same time, the worse ecological environment and higher environment cost have aggravated the gap between demand and supply of mineral resources. The proven reserves of minerals are evidently insufficient and will become acutely in short supply during the 21st century to ensure the sustainable development of national economics. So, China has to depend on the technological progress to tap its resource potential, make full use of the market economy and economic means to achieve effective resources distribution, and protect the ecological environment, realize the sustainable use of mineral resources with the lowest environment cost.