小麦秸秆制备农用高吸水性树脂

Preparation of Agricultural Superabsorbent Resin by Wheat Straw

将小麦秸秆进行碱蒸煮预处理,与丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺接枝共聚合成农用高吸水性树脂,采用正交优化设计及单因素实验确定了合成条件中各因素的最佳水平:反应温度为45℃、引发剂中过硫酸钾用量为单体质量的0.8%、交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAM)用量为单体质量的0.6%、单体丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)与小麦秸秆质量比为8、m(AA)/m(AM)=1、单体浓度为1.3 mol/L、丙烯酸中和度为75%、反应时间为4 h、烘干温度为50℃等;对最佳条件下制备的树脂进行了吸水倍率、速率及保水能力的测试;对秸秆预处理前后及接枝产物进行了红外谱图分析。结果表明,该树脂具有良好的吸水保水、吸肥保肥性能,吸收去离子水达412 g/g,吸收w(复混肥)=0.1%的水溶液达到126 g/g,且在30 m in内达到吸收饱和,抑蒸效果显著;丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺确已成功接枝在秸秆纤维素的主链上。

The graft copolymerization of acrylic acid was carried out after alkali cooking pretreatment. （ AA ） and acrylamide （AM） onto wheat straw fiber The optimized reaction conditions were： reaction temperature 45 ℃, dosages of initiator KSB and crosslinking agent MBAM 0. 8% and 0. 6% （based on the mass of monomers） respectively, mass ratio of monomers to wheat straw 8：1, mass ratio of AA to AM 1：1 ,conc. of monomers 1.3 mol/L,neutralization degree of AA 75%, reaction time 4 h and stoving temperature 50 b. The product can absorb distilled water 412 g per 1 g,and absorb the w（ compound fertilizer） = 0. 1% water solution 126 g per 1 g. The absorption can reach saturation in 30 min, and effect of restraining vaporization was distinct. The chemical structures of wheat straw before and after pretreatment and the product were characterized by IR spectra. It is validated that the pretreatment is proper and AA/AM are grafted onto wheat straw fiber successfully.