合作主义就业政策分析

Analysis on Cooperative Employment Policy

20世纪80年代以来,西方国家选择了两种不同的就业政策,即新自由主义就业政策和合作主义就业政策。相对于新自由主义就业政策来讲,合作主义就业政策更有利于实现劳动力市场效率与公平的统一。合作主义就业政策的基本特征是:强调国家在促进就业中的作用、充分就业与福利国家相结合和以三方合作机制解决充分就业中的核心问题。合作主义就业政策的实施以混合经济体制、强大的劳工组织和左翼政党为基础。在全球化时代,由于实现充分就业的难度增大、三方权利平衡向资本的倾斜,以及自身的局限性,合作主义就业政策面临着严峻的挑战。

Since 1980s, some western countries have accepted new liberalist employment policy and the others resorted to cooperative one. Contrast to new liberalist employment policy, the cooperative one is more likely to realize the unity between efficiency and fairness of labor market. The basic features of cooperative employment policy are as followings: Paying attention to the active function of government in prompting employment, combining full employment with welfare state and solving the key problems of full employment by cooperative system of the three parts. The base of enforcement of cooperative employment policy is mixed economic system, strong labor organization and the left wing party. In the era of globalization, the policy of cooperative employment is facing serious challenge because of the increasing difficulty of full employment, the deviation to capital of rights balance of three parts and some limits of the cooperative system itself.