女子体操运动员发生股骨头坏死的相关因素分析

Analysis of related factors on necrosis of femoral head in female gymnastic athletes

目的:体操员出现髋关节股骨头缺血性坏死可破坏运动员训练的系统性,采用调查方法分析女子体操运动训练与股骨头坏死发生的关系,以预防股骨头坏死的发生。方法:于2003-09/2005-09采用文献资料、运动员、医生及专家调查、数理统计等方法对女子体操运动员发生股骨头缺血性坏死的情况进行调查与分析。调查内容包括训练现状、训练损伤情况、对股骨头坏死病损了解状况、股骨头损伤的影响因素等问题。结果:发放运动员、医生等人问卷188份,回收完整问卷162份,回收率为86.2%,纳入结果分析162份。分3轮发放专家问卷32份、29份、25份,分别有效回收29份、27份、24份进入结果分析,回收率分别为91%,93%,96%。80份专家问卷数据显示结果:①体操项目中的持续性训练对股骨头缺血性坏死有影响(权重值0.3822)。②技术动作错误对股骨头缺血性坏死有影响(权重值0.3148)。③部分外界环境因素(权重值0.3031)也是影响股骨头缺血性坏死的因素之一。结论:体操运动训练的持续性、技术动作错误以及周围环境因素均是股骨头缺血性坏死伤病损发生的主要影响因素。

AIM： Gymnastic players suffer from the avaseular necrosis of the femoral head of coxa. To analyze the relationship between gymnastic movement training and femoral head necrosis with investigation so as to prevent the occurrence of femoral head necrosis. METHODS： The occurrence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in female gymnastic players was observed and analyzed with literatures, athletes, doctors, specialist survey, material statistics and so on from September 2003 to September 2005. The contents oi： the investigations included the current state of the training, the state of the exercise injury, knowledge of the disease, factors leading to the injury, etc. RESULTS： 188 questionnaire sheets were delivered which included totally 162 authentic questionnaire sheets. There was 86.2% rate of recovery. 162 were involved in the result analysis. The specialist questionnaire were sent out in 3 batches, 32 sheets, 29 sheets and 25 sheets, and effectively retrieved 29, 27 and 24 sheets involved in the result analysis, and the retrieving rate was 91%, 93% and 96%, respectively. The 80 specialist questionnaires showed that ①Continuous training in the gymnastics had effects on avascular necrosis of the femoral head （weight value was 0.382 2）. ②Error on technical action had effect on avaseular necrosis of the femoral head （weight value was 0.314 8）. ③Part of environmental agent （weight value was 0.303 1） was one of factors that had effect on avascular necrosis of the femoral head. CONCLUSION： Durative of gymnastic movement, error of technical action and environmental factor are the main effect on the occurrence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.