核因子-κB与视网膜疾病

Nuclear factor-κB and retinal disease

核因子-κB又称κ基因结合核因子(NF-κB),是一类参与一系列基因表达调控的关键性核转录因子。多种不同的刺激信号可激活核转录因子参与细胞生长、分化、黏附、凋亡及炎症反应。作为一种多向性调节蛋白,全身炎症反应中伴有多器官NF-κB的活化、介导多种炎症基因的表达。NF-κB介导细胞存活信号,防止细胞凋亡,其信号通路可能是TNF受体信号转导途径、诱导抗凋亡基因Bcl-2家族的表达、诱导超氧化物歧化酶的表达增加及调控细胞因子。但某些情况下,NF-κB也能诱导细胞凋亡,提示NF-κB与凋亡的关系可能是随刺激因素的变化、细胞的不同种类及不同发育阶段而变化的。研究表明在许多视网膜疾病中,NF-κB都不同程度地被激活。对NF-κB的分子生物学特性、生理功能及与视网膜疾病的关系作一综述。

Nuclear factor-κB, also called nuclear factor kappa binding （NF-κB）, is thought of as a central switch to control expressions of many target genes. Many stimulated signals can active NF-κB to participate in cellular growth, differentiation, adhesiveness, apoptosis and inflammatory reaction. NF-κB is a protein that takes part in diverse regulation. During inflammation, the activation of NF-κB appears in the multiorgans and mediates the expression of many types of inflammatory gene. Among most types of cells, NF-κB mediates the survival to prevent the death of cell through the pathway involving tumor necrosis factor receptor, induction of the expression of the family of Bcl-2 and superoxide dismutase, regulating cytokine. However, under some experimental conditions and in some cell types, NF-κB also can induce cellar apoptosis. The relationship between NF-κB and apoptosis is altered with the intiating factor, cellar category and phase of develop. According to recent research, in many retinal diseases, NF-κB can be activated to take part in pathological progress. The introduction of the biological characteristics, physiological function of NF-κB and its relationship to retinal diseases such as hypoxic retinopathy, neovascular retinopathy, proliferative retinopathy and light-damage retinopathy are summarized.