强化训练对士兵踝关节肌力和跟腱横截面积的影响

Effects of intensified training on muscular strength of the ankle and cross-section surface area of Achilles tendon in soldiers

目的评价踝关节强化训练对士兵踝关节肌力的影响,找到合适的、能快速提高训练成绩的训练方法。方法随机挑选新入伍的士兵和第二年度兵各30名,并对新兵专门添加为期8周的踝关节背伸、跖屈、内外翻的肌力强化训练,然后采用CYBEX-6000型等速测试训练系统分别对训练前、强化训练8周时的新兵和第二年度兵进行踝关节肌力等速测试和跟腱横截面积测量。结果新兵训练前、强化训练8周后、第二年度士兵的跟腱横截面积(分别为0·64±0·05cm2、0·67±0·07cm2、0·65±0·07cm2)与体重呈正相关(r=0·446),消除体重因素后,各组间无明显差异(P=0·698,F=0·361);训练前的踝关节背伸、跖屈、内外翻的峰力矩、力矩加速能、耐力、屈伸峰力矩之比等指标均明显低于强化训练8周组和第二年度士兵组(P<0·05或0·01)而强化组和第二年度兵组之间无明显差异(P>0·05)。结论新兵8周强化训练能取得与经常规训练的第二年度兵接近的效果,即强化训练可以在短期内快速促进体能储备,从而提高训练成绩;训练后跟腱截面积无明显变化,提示踝关节肌力的提高不是通过肌腱肥大实现的,而与肌腱的功能结构塑形改建有关。

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intensified training on muscular strength of soldiers＇ ankles and Achilles tendon, and to search for effective training methods through the kinetic study of the ankle joint and cross-sectional area ts of the Achilles tendon. Methods 30 recruits and 30 soldiers enlisted over one year were selected randomly. The recruits underwent an intensified training for eight weeks, and the enlisted soldiers underwent only routine training. The muscular strength of the ankle was tested by CYBEX-6000 isokinetic test system and the cross-sectional area （CSA） of the Achilles tendon was measured in the recruits and the enlisted soldiers before and after the intensified training. Results No difference of CSA of Achilles tendon was found among the recruits before and after the intensified training and the soldiers enlisted over one year （0. 64±0. 05cm^2 ,0. 67±0. 07cm^2 ,0. 65±0. 07cm^2） （P=0. 698, F=0. 361）, while the CSA showed a positive correlation with body weight （r=0. 446）. The isokinetic test results indicated that the muscular strength of the ankle of the recruits was built up obviously after intensified training （P〈0. 05）. No difference of the muscular strength of the ankle was found between the recruits undergone intensified training and the soldiers enlisted over one year （P〉0. 05）. Conclusion The effects of 8-week intensified training were almost similar to one-year routine training. Enforced training seemed to be able to improve training outcomes in a shorter time. The results that no change in CSA Of the Achilles tendon after intensified training indicated that the improvement in ankle muscular strength might be attributed to the moulding reconstruction of tendon function rather than by the enlargement of the tendon.