航天诱变番茄无限生长突变体的选育及生物学特性研究

Studies on Selection and Biological Characters of Tomato Indeterminate Growth Habit Mutant Derived from Space Treatment.

目的通过航天诱变,选育优良的番茄突变体,定向培育成新品种供生产应用或获得优良的种质资源。方法利用我国发射的返回式科学实验卫星搭载番茄种子,对无限生长突变体的主要农艺性状进行观察,并分析了2种重要同工酶酶谱,同时测定了其活性。结果番茄种子经航天搭载处理后,在SP1群体中获得一株具有无限生长习性的突变个体-M1。M1由对照的有限生长习性变为无限生长习性,当对照封顶时,M1株高达145 cm,比对照高42.0 cm,增幅29.6%,主茎直径1.22 cm,比对照增加0.34cm,增幅达27.9%,但果实大小和座果率无显著差异,为一无限生长习性的株高突变体。M1的无限生长习性可遗传,由M1产生的后代(SP2和SP3)继续表现为无限生长习性。对M1及其衍生后代进行了生物学特性的比较分析,M1的无限生长习性稳定,在条件适宜的条件下具有较好的增产潜力。两种酶活性检测结果表明,M1及其衍生后代的超氧化物歧化酶同工酶谱和酶活性与对照没有明显的差异,但M1及其衍生后代的过氧化物同工酶的个别谱带的表达量有较大的差异,酶活性显著低于对照。结论对航天诱变番茄突变体连续3代的观察,发现该突变体的无限生长习性稳定,可遗传给后代。

Objective To select excellent tomato mutants by space treatment and to cultivate directively new varieties for production application. Method Growth dynamics and change of agricultural characters of the mutant of indeterminate growth habit was observed. And the enzymogram and activity of two kinds of main isoenzyme were analyzed. Result An indeterminate growth habit mutant （M1） which derived from a determinate growth habit cultivar （10-3-2） was obtained from the 1st generation after space treatment （SP1 ）. Being an inherited character, the indeterminate growth habit of the mutant can be expressed from generation to generation. The plant height of M1 was 145 cm, 42.0 cm higher than that of the background one （increased by 29.6%）, when the background plant height was determined. The main stem diameter of the mutant was 1.22 cm, 0.34 cm thicker than that of background parent. However, there were no visible difference in the fruit size and fruit set percentage between them. The biological characters of M1 and its progenies were studied, and the results showed that the indeterminate growth have no side effects on the agronomic characters and fruit quality,and the mutant had a potentiality of higher yield if the condition is suitable. The activity of two enzymes, SOD and POD, was assayed and there were no obvious difference of SOD activities and enzymograms between the mutant and its background parent, but POD activity was much lower in mutant than that in its background parent. Conclusion After observation through 3 generations, it is found that indetermination growth habit is inheritable and stable.