招飞体检中视力正常眼屈光结构各要素的研究

Study on main refractive components of eyes with normal vision in aviation cadet candidates

目的探讨视力正常眼屈光结构各要素的正常值、各要素之间的相互关系及其与屈光的关系。方法测定分析招飞体检中431人862只视力正常眼的屈光状态分布、散光度数、散光类型、角膜屈光力、前房深度、晶体厚度、玻璃体腔长度和眼轴长度,要素间进行均数比较、构成比比较及多元逐步回归等统计分析。结果 862只视力正常眼中远视眼占74．4％;散光眼占59．6％,以顺规性散光为主。角膜屈光力平均为42．45±1．34 D,95％正常值范围为39．82-45．08 D;眼轴长度平均为23.53±0．65 mm,95％正常值范围为22．26-24．80 mm。近视、正视、远视3组的角膜屈光力无显著性差异,眼轴长度有明显差异。前房深度、晶体厚度、玻璃体腔长度和眼轴有线性依存关系, R2=0．934。角膜屈光力、眼轴长度(包括前房深度、晶体厚度和玻璃体腔长度)与屈光度数有线性依存关系,R2=0．219。结论眼的正常屈光状态不仅取决于角膜屈光力、前房深度、晶体厚度、玻璃体腔长度及眼轴长度等生物学参数的匹配和协调,亦受许多其他因素的影响。

Objective To investigate the normal values of main refractive components and correlations between main refractive components and refractive degree in young men with normal vision. Methods Aviation cadet candidates with normal vision （n= 431） served as subjects. The refractive status, types and diopter of astigmatism, corneal refractive power, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous cavity length and ocular axial length in 862 eyes of all subjects were examined and the data were treated statistically. Results The mean diopter was 0. 704±0.55 D, and the main refractive status was hyperopia（74. 4%）. Astigmatism was found in 514/862 eyes（59.6%）, in which 84.4% of them were astigmatism with the rule. The mean value of corneal refractive power was 42.45 ±1.34D and 95% range of normal value of that was 39.82 D to 45.08 D. The mean value of ocular axial length was 23：53±0.65 mm and 95% range of normal value was 22.26 mm to 24.80 mm. The differences of corneal refractive power among myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia eyes were non-significant, while the differences of ocular axial length among the three groups of eyes were significant. Anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and vitreous cavity length had significant linear correlation with ocular axial length, R^2= 0. 934. Corneal refractive power and ocular axial length （including anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and vitreous cavity length） had significant correlation with refractive diopter, R^2 = 0. 219. Conclusions Refraction diopter of eyes with normal vision depends on matching and harmony of main refractive components including corneal refractive power, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and vitreous cavity length, and also is influenced by other factors.