生物表面活性剂生物合成的研究进展

REVIEW ON BIOSYNTHESIS OF BIOSURFACTANTS

生物表面活性剂是由微生物产生的具有高表面活性的生物分子,相对于化学合成的表面活性剂,生物表面活性剂对生态系统的毒性较低,且可生物降解。因此,其在工业生产上有潜在的广泛应用价值,人们关于其合成方面的研究逐年增多。但是,由于其是次生代谢产物,传统方法主要是进行高效菌株的筛选,以及研究不同发酵条件对其产量的影响。近年来,由于基因工程技术的广泛应用,分子生物学、遗传学和酶学等方面的方法被人们运用于生物表面活性剂合成过程的研究,人们了解了催化生物表面活性剂合成的各种关键酶、调控基因的操纵元结构、合成中底物变化的过程等,从而对其生物合成的过程有了更进一步了解。

Biosurfactant is a high surface-active agent synthesized by microorganism. Compared with chemical surfactant, it has a low toxicity to ecological system and can be easily decomposed. So, it has widely potential uses in industry and researches on its synthesis are becoming more and more widely. As biosurfactant is a secondary metabolizing product, traditional methods can＇t access the processing easily, so they focus mainly on screening high productive strains and the effects on production by various fermentation conditions. During recent years, with the development of molecular biology, more methods like DNA recombination, DNA shuffling and site-directed mutagenesis are introduced into the biosurfactant research and it has already furthered the research in those fields such as key enzymes in the synthesis, operators of the biosynthetic genes, the changing of substrates.