对两种“按贡献分配”衡量标准的评析

Evaluate the Two Measurement Standards for Distribution according to Contribution

目前,多数学者对生产要素“按贡献分配”衡量标准问题的探讨,主要是依据西方的要素价值论并形成了两种观点:一是将生产要素的边际产出作为衡量要素贡献的标准;二是将生产要素的市场价格作为衡量要素贡献的标准。这两种标准都是想尽量体现其客观性和公正性,但却因为追求其客观性而偏离了公正性,这无论是在理论上还是实践中都是行不通的。在现实经济生活中可行的“按贡献分配”的衡量标准只能是人们普遍认可和接受的相对合理公正的标准,而这样的标准必须要体现“效率与公平并重”。

Currently, many scholars study the standards for distribution according to contribution based on the western theory of stuff＇ s value . They have formed two kinds of viewpoints. First of all , someone considers thatmeasurement standard for factor＇ s contribution is marginal output of productive factor. Secondly, someone views market price as measurement standard for productive factor＇ s contribution. Although the purpose is to reflect objectivity and fairness, it finally deviates fairness because of pursuing objectivity. It won＇ t work either in theory or in practice. The feasible measurement standard for distribution according to contribution is can only be one that is gen erally established and relatively fair. The measurement standard must take efficiency and fairness into account.