清代中前期湖南地区耕地的恢复与开发

Restoring & Developing Farmland in Hunan in the Early & Middle Qing Dynasty

明末清初时期,湖南战祸频繁,田地抛荒严重。经康雍两朝百余年的开发,湖南被抛荒的土地基本得到恢复并有所发展。清代湖南地区耕地的开发主要体现在湖区垸田和湘西山区等山地的开发。湖南耕地的开发与发展,与清王朝鼓励垦荒的政策密切相关,但人口因素始终是贯穿其中的关键性因素。

In the early Qing dynasty, farmland was abandoned in Hunan as a result of much war. Most of the farmland was restored thanks to more than 200 years of development in both the Kangxi dynasty and the Yongzheng dynasty. The development of farmland was found in fields by lakes and those in west Hunan. Developing farmland was closely associated with the Qing dynasty＇ s policy to encourage the development of wasteland, but human factors were decisive ones in the process.