海南省规模化养猪与污染物处理情况调研报告

Large-scale Hog Farming and Excrement Treatment in Hainan Province

调查了海南省养猪业及粪便处理情况,海南省养猪业排放的粪便2004年达174万t左右,超过全省同期其它产业产生的固体垃圾量,而对这些猪粪便处理的技术水平相对较低;如果加上其它畜禽排泄的粪便,海南省土地环境所受的有机污染压力较大。因此,建议海南省发展合适的养猪场规模,改分散放养为股份制集中圈养,实现与种植业的有机结合,并尽快提高养猪场粪便的处理技术水平。

Excrement and waste water produced by livestock and poultry have become the major stationary and mobile pollution sources in rural China. Over the whole country, the influence of the pollution sources of livestock and poultry industry on the environment has already exceeded that of the domestic and industrial sources. It is on this context that the National Environment Protection Agency initiated a survey project on livestock and poultry industry development and their pollutant treatment in 10 selected provinces in China within the framework of the study on Green GDP calculation and environmental pollution loss estimation in 2005. A survey made in Hainan Province showed that large scale hoggeries only accounted for 20% of the hog industry in terms of the quantity of hogs in the province, with the remaining 80% as small individual holdings and free grazing holdings. The solid wastes produced by the hoggeries in the province is estimated as high as 1.7 million tons, a few dozen thousand tons more than that from all other industries sources. Taking into account the excrement from other livestock and poultry industry together, the land environment in Hainan Province is believed to be under great pollution threat merely from the animal farming industry itself. To minimize pollution from the hog industry and maximize economic efficiency, it is recommended that the hoggeries should be rationally expanded with a fanning capacity of 400 - 1000 hogs, that small individual holdings and free-grazing holdings be amalgamated to a proper size by way of share system, that the excrement treatment process and technology be highly improved with proper inputs from the government and academic institutions, and that the hog industry development be closely integrated with the crop industry and environmental engineering industry for mutual resource benefits.