论范畴化及其认知模型

认知语言学是近些年来引起各个语言学门派广泛注意的一门新兴学科,它以心理学的认知方法为基础,把语言学中的问题带到其中进行新的解释。范畴化是分类的心理过程。作为人类思想、语言、推理等认知活动中的最基本能力,范畴化必然依赖于人类思想的基本方式和途径,遵循人类认知模型的一般规律。范畴化的认知模型可归结为:命题模型,意象图式模型、隐喻模型以及转喻模型。这四类模型以各自不同的方式产生出原形效应,达到对认知客体系统而合理的类属划分即范畴化。

Cognitive linguistics is a nowly emerging science which arouses the wide interests of various linguistic fields. Categorization is a psychological process of classification. As one of the basic human capabilities among various cognitive aetivlties of thought, language and inference, eategorization has its own cognitive models, which can be presentedasthe following four： propositional model, image-schematic model, metonymic and metaphoric transformations. These four models produce their own prototypie effects and lead to a systematic and reasonable classification, that is , eategorization.