敦煌吐鲁番出土回鹘文佛教愿文研究

A Study of The Votive Writings in Uighur Unearthed from Dunhuang and Turfan

在敦煌、吐鲁番等地发现的回鹘文文献中,有11件属于独立的佛教愿文,此外,还有数量更多的以题跋形式出现的愿文,系回鹘佛教徒用于表达发愿超度、祈福禳灾,及兼表颂赞的应用性文字。其中既有印本,也有写本,更有碑铭题刻。从这些文献看,功德主在布施时,一般都要留下自己的姓名、官职及发愿文或功德记等,以表明自己的愿望,体现出济世度人的大乘佛教思想,是回鹘佛教研究的重要参考资料。从其内容与形式看,回鹘文佛教愿文较多地受到了汉传佛教文化的影响,其中不少作品以其形式灵活,韵律和谐,感情笃实,字里行间流露出真情而生动感人,具有较高的文学价值。

Among the numbers of the discovered Uighur documents which were unearthed both from Dunhuang and Turfan,there are 11 pieces are found to be independent votive writings.Besides,there are numerous votive writings in the form of inscriptions on colophon or notes either in a printed books or handwriting of manuscripts,and some inscription on a stone tablet,usually in rhyme.The votive writings belong to the type of practical writing that pray for and expressing the Uighur Buddhists’s praise and blessings in Buddha and all the lives in now and the past and future,and hoping to be release souls from suffering and be save and happy in Buddhist Paradise.By studying those votive writings in Uighur,we understand that when any contribution was done,the contributors or donors usually had written their names,official grade and purpose of pray and all their benevolence down in the form of recording in order to led their wishes to be known.So those of votive writing had embodied the idea of great help to beings of Mahayana and had made them become an important references in the study of Uighur Buddhism.By its contents and formation,those Uighur votive writings had showed the great influence over from Chinese Buddhist literature with true feeling and harmonizing rhyme,so they had great value in literature works.