1[1]The Digitalis Investigation Group.The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure[J].N Engl J Med,1997,336:525-533.
2[2]The SOLVD Investigators.Effect of enalapril on mortality and development ofheart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection frac-tions[J].N Engl J Med,1991,327:685-691.
3[3]The SOLVD Investigators.Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure.The SOLVD Investigators[J].N Engl J Med,1991,325:293-302.
4[4]Cohn JN,Johnson G,Ziesche S,et al.A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chroic congestive heart failure[J].N Engl J Med,1991,325:303-310.
5[5]MERIT-HF Study Group.Effedt of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure:Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)[J].Lancet,1999,353:2001-2007.
6[6]Packer M,O'Connor CM,Ghali JK,et al.Effect of amlodipine on morbidity andmortality in severe chronic heart failure[J].N Engl J Med,1996,335:1107-1114.
7[7]Pitt B,Zannad F,Remme WJ,et al,for the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators.The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure[J].N Engl J Med,1999,341:709-717.
8[8]CIBIS-Ⅱ Investigators and Committees.The Cardiac Insufficiency BisoprololStudyⅡ (CIBIS-Ⅱ):a randomized trial[J].Lancet,1999,353:9-13.
10[10]McCullough PA,Philbin EF,Spertus JA,et al.Confirmation of a heart failure epidemic:findings from the resource utilization among congestive heart failure (REACH) study[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2002,39:60-69.
