从佛郎国献天马事看蒙古人的尚马情结

Seeing the Complex of Worshiping the Horse of Mongolian from Offering "Steed of the Heaven" by Franc

意大利罗马教皇委派佛罗伦萨教士马黎诺里向元顺帝妥欢帖睦尔进呈教皇信件和一匹佛郎国(今法国)异马,引起元廷震动,谓之天马。顺帝在朝中举行盛会,令文人学士和画家著诗文、作画来记述这一盛事,《元史》亦有记载。蒙古族作为马背民族,对于马寄有深厚的感情。此时的域外贡马之事,引起朝中蒙古族上层对自己民族往事的回顾与追忆。他们在马身上寄托和传承着美好的理想和追求。同时,也表现出元末中国与其他国家之间接触频繁,其文化交流处在良性循环的状态之中。

The Italian Pope of Rome appointed Marigmlli, priest of Florence, to present the last emperor of Yuan Dynasty with proper joyous greeting card and a horse of franc （the country of today＇s France） which was quite different from those of Chinese. This astonished the court of Yuan and was called steed of the heaven. The emperor held splendid banquet and convened scholars and painters to write poetic prose and draw pictures to record and narrate this great occasion, ＂The History of Yuan Dynasty＂ recorded it. As a horseback nationality, Mongolian had deep feeling to the horse even more. Overseas tribute of horse caused their retrospect to their past. They had beautiful dream and ideality on the horse. This dream and ideality was a kind of embodiment of invariable psychological accumulated in the people of the Mongols from ancient times. It was the expression of the characteristics of Mongolian aesthetic and thinking model. Meanwhile, it demonstrated the cuhural communication in the end of Yuan with other countries was quite good.