评青年卢卡奇对马克思主义本质的理解

On Young Lukacs's View of the Essence of Marxism

在青年卢卡奇看来,马克思主义最重要的本质在于它由辩证法生出的革命性,马克思主义并不是第二国际那种消极观望的科学的唯物主义,而是号召民众起来革命、走向解放的批判号角;而马克思的辩证法就是历史辩证法,不是自然辩证法,它的核心内容是主体与客体的辩证关系。青年卢卡奇在强调辩证法的历史性、总体性、革命性、批判性,反对马克思主义的自然主义和教条主义倾向时,和马克思所要达到的历史科学还是有距离的,难免出现一定的理论偏差。他在对马克思主义本质的解读中既有“复原”其本真规定的一面,又有偏离其理论实质的一面。

In the view of young Lukacs, the most important essence of Marxism lies in its revolutionary nature from dialectics, and Marxism was certainly not the negative science materialism of the Second International, but one critical bugle to call on the masses to rise in revolt and get the liberation. But Marx＇s dialectics is a historical one in fact, not a natural one, its core is the dialectical relation between the subject and the object. When young Lukacs focused on its historic nature, revolutionary nature, and critical nature and was against naturalism and dogmatism tendency of Marxism, he fell short of the expectations of Marx in the historical science, so it was difficult for him to avoid some differences in theory. On the one hand, he had a part in restore the essence of Marxism in reading it, on the other hand he drifted off it.