黑碳气溶胶研究进展Ⅰ:排放、清除和浓度

Progress of Black Carbon Aerosol Research I: Emission,Removaland Concentration

黑碳气溶胶是近几年非常活跃的一个研究课题,因为黑碳气溶胶吸收太阳和地球大气的辐射,对全球气候变暖有重要的影响。中国黑碳气溶胶的排放和浓度比同纬度的高,在全球气候变暖的大背景下,中国黑碳气溶胶一直受到国外的关注。综述了国内外黑碳气溶胶研究的最新进展,受篇幅的限制,文章分两篇,第一篇是黑碳气溶胶的排放、清除和浓度,第二篇是黑碳气溶胶的气候效应和拓展的研究领域。从黑碳排放的估算和大气浓度的测量方法进行描述,列出有关的测量结果,对黑碳气溶胶的排放和大气浓度进行国内外的初步比较分析。还对黑碳气溶胶排放和浓度测量误差进行了讨论,并对今后黑碳气溶胶研究提出了几点建议。

Black carbon （BC） aerosol recently is a very active research topic, because it has similar effect to global climate warming with green house gases due to its ability of absorbing solar and atmospheric radiation. The emission and concentration of BC aerosol in China are higher than those in other regions of the same latitude. Therefore, more attention has been paid to the BC aerosol in China by scientists than in other countries. The recent progress of BC aerosol research is presented in the two review papers due to length limitation. The emission, removal and concentration of BC aerosol are described in this paper, and the climate effect and developing research domain are discussed in our companion paper. The emission amount of China in 2000 was 1 050 Gg, which is lower than 1 342Gg in 1995. The reduction in BC emission can be resulted partly due to energy change, including larger use of gas rather than raw coal. The atmospheric concentration of BC in cities was a little higher than in the cities overseas, such as in Beijing （3.3 -25.6μg/m^3）, Xian （0.5 - 101.3μg/m^3） , etc. The BC concentration in the sediments from the South China Sea is also shown. In the present paper, we compare and analyze the emission and concentration of BC among China and other regions of the world, and the uncertainty in BC aerosol research is also discussed.