天津市公安交警健康状况与健康促进实施现状调查研究

Survey on health status of traffic policemen in Tianjin Police Bureau and effects of health promotion among them

目的了解天津市公安干警的健康状况和健康促进策略实施后的效果，并根据调查研究结果制定预防的对策，通过政策支持、行政干预、卫生服务、自我保健等措施，促进公安交警的健康。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取调查对象，运用流行病学、环境卫生学、劳动卫生学、健康行为学、医学心理学、健康教育学、卫生统计学等学科的研究方法对抽取的天津市4486名在职公安交警健康状况与影响因索中的危险因素、精神心理、社会环境、生活方式、健康促进效果进行评价。结果本次共调查在职公安交警4486人，男性4342人，女性144人，平均年龄为38．14岁；有20种疾病在交警中高发，依次为：鼻（咽）炎、脂肪肝、胃病（包括胃炎、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡）、颈椎增生、关节病（包括风湿病）、眼病、高血压、高脂血症、前列腺疾病（包括：前列腺炎、前列腺增生）、腰椎间盘突出症、冠心病、光敏性皮炎、下肢静脉曲张、糖尿病、中暑和冻疮、噪声耳聋、慢性阻塞性肺病（慢阻肺）、高黏血症、胆囊息肉、尘肺。其中，受生活方式影响的疾病有脂肪肝、胃病、高血压、前列腺疾病、高脂血症、冠心病、糖尿病、慢阻肺、高黏血症等9种；受工作环境因素影响的疾病有鼻（咽）炎、关节病、眼病、光敏性皮炎、下肢静脉曲张、中暑和冻疮、噪声聋、尘肺8种疾病。平均在外勤岗位上工作8～11年发病明显增加。心理方面问题：警龄30年以下的交警，人际关系和偏执因子均值高于警龄30年以上交警，警龄20年以上的交警，敌对因子均值低于警龄20年以下的交警，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。随着警龄的增长，3个因子均值有降低的趋势。结论明确了威胁在职公安交警健康状况的主要危险因素，确定了公安交警是20种疾病的高发群体，制定了公安交警健康教育与健康促进的长远规划。

Objective To know about the health status of traffic policemen in Tianjin Police Bureau and effects of health promotion among them, and lay plans for preventing traffic policemen from diseases. To take integrated measures, such as policy support, administive intervention, health service, and self health care, etc. to improve the health of traffic policemen. Methods The respondents participating mental health survey were selected by stratified sampling based on their characters of working. The methodology of Epidemiology, Occupational Health, Health Behavior, Medicine Psycholngy, Health Education, and Health Statistics were adopted. The health status, risky factors in working surroundings, mental health, social surroundings, life style of traffic policemen, and effects of health promotion among them were investigated.Results 4486 traffic policemen were investigated, of whom males were 4342, females were 144, average age was 38.14, and average period of service was 16.6 years. 20 diseases were high prevalence in traffic policemen, of which from high to low prevalence in turn were rhinitis, fatty liver, gastric disorders, cervical vertebra hyperplasia, arthropathy, ophthalmic disease, hypertension, hyperlipemia, prostatitis, proplapse of lumbar intervertebral disc, coronary heart disease, photosensitive dermatitis, varcose vein of lower limb, diabetes meUitus, sunstroke and chilblains, noise deafness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hyperviscous blood, gallbladder polypus and pneumoconiosis, ttereinto, diseases induced by bad life styles included fatty liver, gastric disorders, hypertension, prostatitis, hyperlipemia, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hyperviscous blood. Diseases induced by bad work- ing environment included rhinitis, arthropathy, ophthalmic disease, photosensitive dermatitis, varcose vein of lower limb, sunstroke and chilblains, noise deafness, and pneumoconiosis. The average period of service for disease coming on was 8 11 years. Besides these, more serious mental problems were around the traffic policemen. The results showed that the seores of colleague relationship and crankiness factors were higher among policemen with less than 30 years of service than those with over 30 years of service （P〈 0.05 ）. The score of hostility factor was the highest in policemen with less than 20 years of service （P 〈（0.05 ）. With the increasing of service length, the scores of colleague relationship, crankiness factors and hostility factor were declined. Conclusion The main risky factors threaten health of traffic policemen are con firmed, and 20 diseases are high prevalence among traffic policemen, which provide references for making out long-term plans of health education and health promotion.