婴幼儿唾液中三种免疫学指标的研究

A research on three immune markers in infantile saliva

目的了解正常儿童唾液中sIgA、IL-6与TNF-α的含量及其相互关系。方法采取随机整群抽样的方法对陕西农村391名出生至18个月婴幼儿进行调查，并对其中55名婴幼儿采用ELISA方法检测唾液中sIgA、IL-6与TNF-α的含量及其粪便中sIgA含量．结果0～18个月龄婴幼儿sIgA（B组48．29700±55．28781）、IL-6（B组100．36200±22．79248）与TNF-α（B组199．05850±182．18959）的均数随年龄增大而变化的趋势基本一致，在B组（4-6月）中均为最高，但统计学分析无显著性差异（P〉0．05），1岁后趋于平稳；且唾液中sIgA含量与母乳喂养量、粪便sIgA含量无明显相关性。结论0-18个月龄的婴幼儿唾液中sIgA、IL-6、TNF-α水平均较低，局部免疫功能较差，因此容易发生病毒及细菌的感染，应提高6个月后辅食的质和量，促进婴幼儿生长发育。但是唾液检测并不能代替粪便中sIgA检测，特别不适用于婴幼儿胃肠道功能及胃肠病（腹泻病等）的监测。

Objective To learn the contents and to investigate mutual relationship of sIgA, IL-6 and TNF-α in normal infantile saliva. Methods A total of 391 infants, aged 0 to 18 months old, were selected from the ural areas of Shaan＇ xi Province by using the stratified cluster sampling method. Of which, 55 infants were studied by using ELISA for detection of igA, IL-6, TNF-α in saliva and local sIgA. Results The changing tendency of sIgA,IL-6 and TNF-α in five groups was basically identical with increase of age, the highest values of all three index were in B group（ aged 4 to 6 months）, but there were no significant differences between the five groups （P 〉 0.05 ）, they tended to stable after 1 year old of age; and there was no significant relationship between the concentration of sIgA and the amount of breastmilk or fecal sIgA. Conclusion The levels of sIgA, IL-6 and TNF-α arc lower in infants aged from birth to 18 mor, ths, the ural areas local immunity is weak, therefore, these childrcn are susceptible to bacterial and viral infections, so we should raise the quality and quantity of complementary foods to promote infantile growth and development. However, the detection of salivary sIgA cannot replace thc fecal sIgA, especially in monitoring infantile gastrointestinal tract function or gastroenteropathy （ eg： diarrhea）.