吐鲁番沙漠植物园及其周围地区鼠类群落结构调查

Research on Rodent's Community Structure in Turpan Desert Botanical Garden and Surrounding Areas

2005年4月15日-2005年6月3日对中国科学院吐鲁番沙漠植物园及其周围地区的鼠类群落进行了调查，采用样线铗捕法，共捕获鼠类373只，隶属于3科3属4种。用种类（S）、多样性指数（H’）、均匀性指数（E）、优势度（D）等4个指标对灌木林、园林、沙地、废弃耕地、农田等5种不同生境类型的鼠类群落进行统计分析和对比。结果发现，不同生境类型的鼠类群落在群落组成、多样性、均匀性和优势度等方面存在着明显的差异；废弃耕地多样性和均匀性最高而优势度最低；园林多样性最低，农田均匀性最低，灌木林优势度最高。红尾沙鼠（Meriones libycus）和子午沙鼠（M．meridianus）分别占以上5种类型鼠类群落总生物量的59．5％和37．5％，可以确定为吐鲁番沙漠植物园及其周围地区鼠类群落的优势种。

Research on rodent＇s community structure was conducted in Turpan Desert Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences and surrounding areas from April 15 to June 3 in 2005. A total of 373 individuals belonged to 4 species, Meriones libycus, M. meridianus, Euchoreutes naso and Mus musculus, were trapped in shrub, fruit garden, desert,abandoned farm land and farm land. The total capture rate was 14.9%. Community structure of rodent was significant difference between each habitat; comparison was made on species richness（S） ,Shannon and Simpson index （H＇） ,evenness（E） and dominance（ D ）between each habitat types. Habitat of abandoned farmland got the highest diversity and evenness, the lowest dominance in the five habitat types; while, shrub, garden and farm land had the lowest diversity, lowest evenness, and the highest dominance respectively. Meriones libycus and M. meridianus contributed respectively 59.5% and 37.5% to the total biomass of the rodent community, and they were the two dominant species in the studied area.