青藏铁路运营期卫生保障策略

Sanitary Guarantee Strategy During Operating Period of Qinghai-Tibet Railway

从高原气候环境对人体健康的影响,青藏高原自然疫源性疾病的流行特点,饮用水资源供给状况,青藏铁路运营管理模式四个方面,分析青藏铁路运营期卫生保障工作面临的主要问题。卫生保障工作要达到急性高原病零死亡的目标,必须贯彻以人为本,以管理为中心,设备为基础,环境为条件的总体思路,建立适应青藏铁路运营特点的高原病医疗急救体系和预防监控体系,同时还要有设备、组织管理、规章制度、环境卫生等作为保障;提出青藏铁路客车供氧可采取以富氧膜分离制氧,在旅客座位上方设置氧气面罩或吸氧管,客车上设置密封性能好的增压包厢等三种方式,并分析高原客车新风方案的影响因素。

The paper analyzes main problems in sanitary guarantee work during operating period of Qinghai-Tibet railway in four aspects as effect of plateau climate and environment on traveler, characteristics of natural epidemic in plateau, supply condition of drinking water and operation & management mode of Qinghai-Tibet railway. In order to reach zero death of acute plateau disease, sanitary guarantee work must adhere to human-oriented general ideas that take management as center, train as basis and environment as condition, establish plateau disease first-aid system and preventive supervision system adaptable to operation characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet railway. The paper analyzes effect factors of fresh air solution on passenger train, and provides three solutions as: separately produce oxygen with oxygen enrichment membrane for oxygen supply of passenger train, arrange oxygen mask or oxygen tube above passenger seat, and set supercharged compartment with good sealability.