江西4个地方鹅品种遗传多样性的微卫星标记分析

Genetic diversity of Chinese 4 indigenous goose breeds in Jiangxi Province based on microsatellite markers

通过选用31个多态性较好的微卫星标记，检测江西4个地方鹅品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）和群体间的遗传距离（DA）。结果表明：31个微卫星位点中有25个微卫星位点在4个鹅群体中的多态信息含量均为中度多态，可作为有效的遗传标记用于各鹅品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析；4个鹅品种的杂合度都较高，平均杂合度为0．5846～0．6434，其中最高的是广丰白翎鹅（06434），最低的是莲花白鹅。而且杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小表现出较高的一致性。用Dh的UPGMA法进行聚类分析，结果4个鹅品种被聚为3类，莲花白鹅与丰城灰鹅聚为第1类，广丰白翎鹅自聚为第2类，兴国灰鹅自聚为第3类。

31 microsatellite markers with medium or high polymorphisms were selected to detect the genetic diversity of 4 indigenous goose breeds in Jiangxi. According to the allele frequencies of 31 microsatellite sites, mean heterozygosity （H）, polymorphism information content （PIC） and DA genetic distances were calculated for each breed. The results showed that 25 of 31 microsatellite sites were middle polymorphicsites, so the 25 microsatellite markers were effective markers for analysis of genetic relationship among goose breeds. The mean heterozygosity of 4 goose breeds was all over 0. 5. The mean heterozygosity of the highest was in the Guangfeng Bailing goose （0. 643 4）, and the lowest was in the Lianhua white goose （0. 584 6）. The high diversity of 4 geese breeds might lie in the traffic obstruction. The results of the heterozygosity were consistent with that of PIC. UPGMA tree was completed through analysis of DA genetic distances, Lianhua white goose and Fengcheng grey goose were the first group; Guangfeng bailing goose was the second group; Xingguo grey goose was the the third group.