发育性阅读障碍儿童的临床特征

The Clinical Characteristics of Chinese Children with Reading Disorder

目的：评估汉语发育性阅读障碍儿童的临床特征。方法：采用韦氏儿童智力量表（WSIC—CR）、学习障碍儿童筛查量表（PRS）、儿童阅读与书写能力家长问卷对17例汉语发育性阅读障碍（SRD）儿童和与之匹配的32名正常儿童的临床特征进行调查评估。结果：SRD组在WISE-CR中的言语智商、总智商、言语理解因子、记忆／注意因子分值均低于对照组（98．3±13．5／111．7±13．7，97．1±14．5／110．2±14．3，40．4±9．2／47．6±7．7，25．9±6．3／32．0±7．3，OR=0．88～0．94，P〈0．05），回归分析表明，只有言语理解因子进入回归方程（OR=0．90）；PRS中五大功能区得分、言语分、非言语分及总分，SRD儿童均显著低于对照组（9．6±1.5／13．3±2．6，10．8±3．1／15．6±3．6，11．1±1．4／14．1±3．6，7．1±1．9／9．7±1．9，19．7±3．5／24．7±5．7，20．3±4．1／28．9±5．7，37．9±5．6／48．5±7．0，58．2±8．5／77．3±11．9，P〈0．05）。回归分析表明，只有言语分进入回归方程（OR=0．69）；儿童阅读与书写能力家长问卷中，SRD儿童在除家庭阅读背景外其余七个因素得分均比对照组高（P〈0．05），但只有朗读听写进入回归方程（OR=2．14）。结论：汉语SRD儿童言语能力明显损害；其阅读各环节均受损，但朗读听写能力缺陷可能是主要问题；记忆／注意集中困难、书写困难、动作技能、口语能力及社会适应能力的缺陷可能是汉语SRD儿童临床普遍伴发的症状。

Objective： Evaluation the clinical characteristics of Chinese reading disorder children. Methods： Use WSIC-CR, PRS and the questionnaire for parents on childreng reading and writing abilities to investigate and evaluate 17 Chinese children with SRD （ specific reading disorder） and 32 normal children. Results： The VIQ, FIQ, VC, M/C of Chinese SRD children scored in WISC-CR were lower than normal children （98.3 3±13.5/111.7 3±13.7, 97.1 3±14.5/110.2±14.3, 40.4±9.2/47.6±7.7, 25.9±6.3/32.0±7.3, OR =0.88 -0.94, P〈 0. 05 ） . The PIQ, PO had no significant difference between the two groups. The conditional Logistic analysis suggested that VC can significant explain the SRD （OR =0. 90） ; The score of the 5 domain functional areas, voice score, practice score and final score of the PRS of Chinese SRD children are significantly lower than normal children （9.6 ± 1.5/13.3±2.6, 10.8±3. 1/15.6±3.6, 11.1±1.4/14.1±3.6, 7.1±1.9/9.7±1.9, 19.7±3.5/24.7±5.7, 20.3±4. 1/28.9±5.7, 37.9±5.6/48.5±7.0, 58.2±8.5/77.3 ±11.9, P〈0.05） . The conditional Logistic analysis suggested that voice score can significant explain the SRD （ OR = 0.69） ; Except the aspect of family reading background, the scores of other 7 factors of the parent questionnaire of reading and writing abilities of Chinese SRD children were mostly significantly higher than that of the normal children （data）, such as reading comprehension, essential conscious ability, writing ability, movement ability, oral ability and literal expression. The conditional Logistic analysis suggested that reading aloud and dictation can significant explain the SRD （OR = 2. 14） . Conclusions： The clinical characteristic of Chinese SRD children is the defect of the speech. There are deficits in every side of reading, and the main problems include reading aloud and dictation disorder. Memory and attention disorder, writing disorder, movement ability, oral ability and social adaptability disorder may be the ubiquitous concomitant symptoms of Chinese SRD children.