注意缺陷多动障碍儿童精神运动功能与记忆能力

Psychomotor Abilities and Working Memory in Children with ADHD

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder,ADHD)儿童和正常儿童精神运动功能与记忆能力的差异。方法:采用1:1病例对照研究,对38例ADHD儿童和38例正常儿童进行津医精神运动成套测验(JPB)与韦氏记忆测验(部分内容)。结果:(1)ADHD组儿童JPB连接数字、符号计入及总成绩均低于对照组(51·37±14·19/57·73±7·30,44·29±7·23/49·82±7·31,336·0±42·1/359·3±43·1,t=2·47、4·64、2·55,均P<0·05);(2)ADHD儿童JPB总分显著低于全国大样本常模;(3)ADHD儿童背诵数目测试成绩显著低于对照组(9·21±3·51/11·37±3·57,t=2·61,P<0·05)。结论:ADHD儿童精神运动功能低于正常儿童,在精细运动的准确性、灵活性及协调性等方面均存在问题,其工作记忆能力受到损害。

Objective： To probe the differences of psychomotor abilities and working memory between ADHD and the healthy children. Methods： JinYi Psychomotor Test Battery （JPB） and the partials domains of Wechsler Memory Scale （WMS） were administered to 38 children with ADHD and 38 normal age-matched controls to assess their working memory and Psychomotor Abilities. JinYi Psychomotor Test Battery encompassed seven tasks, i.e. Reaction Time, Sign Register, Digit Symbol, Benton Visual Retention, Connect Number, Number Cancellation and Stick Turning. Selected four domains of WMS included Photo Recognition, Photo Recollection, Number of Recitation and Tactile Memory. Results： Compared to the normal control group, the ADHD group showed significantly lower in the scores of Sign Register, Connect Number and the total score of JPB. Besides above, total score of JPB was significantly lower than the Norm in large sample cohort （51.37±14. 19/57.73±7.30, 44. 29±7.23/49. 82±7.31, 336. 0±42.1/359. 3±43. 1, t = 2.47, 4.64, 2. 55, P 〈 0.05 ） . The score of Number of Recitation was also significantly lower in ADHD than that in normal controls （ 9. 21 ± 3.51/11.37 ± 3.57, t = 2. 61, P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusions： Working memory and executive functions of children with ADHD are impaired.