中国野牦牛栖息地环境及种群行为分析

Analysis on habitat variance and behaviour of Bos gruiens in China

对青藏高原特有种野牦牛的栖息地生境条件——特有的地形地貌、严酷的大陆性气候和适宜于野牦牛的草原植物类型、野牦牛的取食生态、水源及保护特征等方面进行综合分析和论述;结合项目研究结果．对目前野牦牛栖息地的变迁、分布区域、种群数量和密度采用科学的模拟和推算，得出我国野牦牛种群数量均值为19940±3952头。平均种群密度0．03～0．04头／km^2；在此基础上。从野牦牛的种群组成、种群繁殖参数、社群行为、种群死亡原因及经100多年变迁后青藏高原目前野牦牛的环境容量等方面评价了野牦牛的种群生存力。

In this paper, we comprehensively summarized the habitat conditions of B. gruiens which is a special speices in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. These conditions include special landform and physiognomy, rigour continent climate, vegetation types, grazing ecology of B. gruiens, water and protection features, and so on. Though simulating habitat variation, distribution range, population size and density of B. gruiens at present, we concluded that there would be 19 940±3 952 B. gruiens in China and their population density would ranged from 0.03 to 0.04 head/km^2. Meanwhile, the survival ability of B. gruiens was evaluated according to population structure, reproductive index of population, social action, death cauces of population as well as changes of environmental capacity to B. gruiens on Qinghai-Tibet plateau in past 100 years.