1997至2004年贵州省流行性乙型脑炎病例流行病学分析及控制策略

Preventive Control Strategy and Epidemiological Analysis on Japanese Encephalitis in Guizhou Province During 1997-2004

目的分析贵州省1997～2004年流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)流行趋势,为乙脑预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对疫情信息监测管理系统的监测资料及2004年个案调查资料进行分析。结果累计报告13664例乙脑病例,年均发病率为4.65/10万;累计死亡540例,年均死亡率为0.18/10万;年均病死率为3.95%;男女发病之比为1.48∶1,病例中以散居儿童为主(67.54%),其次为学生(23.06%)。10岁以下病例占88.00%(12024/13664);高发季节为6～10月,发病高峰在7～8月。结论贵州省乙脑发病人群主要是10岁以下儿童,高发季节为6～10月。前2位高发地区为遵义市和毕节地区。建议对高发地区和高发县开展健康教育和宣传动员,对0～10岁儿童开展乙脑疫苗预防接种,并开展防蚊灭蚊,降低乙脑发病率。

Objective To analyse prevalence trend of Japanese encephalitis（JE） in 1997-2004 in Guizhou province and to supply scientific gist for the prevention and Control strategy. Methods Analysis information was got from the epidemic surveillance and JE Cases Questionnaire. Results There were accumulative total 13 664 JE cases and 540 death cases. The annual average Morbidity and Mortality and fatality rate were 4.65/100 000 and 0. 181100 000 and 3,95 %, respectively. Male to female was 1.48 ： 1. Children of decentralization resident population accounted for 67.54 % （9 228/13 664） and students were 23.06 % （3 151/13 664）. Younger than 10 years old children case accounted for 88.00 % （ 12 024/13 664） ; Season distribution was from June to October and high peak period was from July to August. Conclusion The results showed that JE cases were mainly younger than 10 years old children in Guizhou province. The eases season were from June to October and high peak period lasted two months from July to August. The high risk prefectures were Zunyi and Bijie. There were so many cases with out vaccine history and unknown history during 1997-2004. The preventive strategies are to be that the heahh education and propaganda should be conducted. All-around control countermeasure such as preventive and destroying mosquitoes and JE vaccine immunization should be carried on to decrease the morbidity and mortality of JE in Guizhou province.