从迪昂问题看证伪主义与历史主义之争

The Controversy of Falsificationism and Historicism from Duhem Problem

迪昂问题是从整体论的立场提出的,它论述的问题是:既然一个证据只能反驳一组假设,那么一个证据反驳某一单个假设如何可能?这一问题成为当代科学哲学争论的主题之一。波普尔、库恩和拉卡托斯之间的争论代表证伪主义与历史主义之间的争论,其理论都与迪昂问题密切相关,事实上,他们直接或间接地对迪昂问题给出不同的解答或对待。不过,他们的观点都是不能令人满意的。

The so called Duhem problem is raised from the point of veiw of holism,which questions the power of certain evidence to refute a single hypothesis since one evidonco only can refore a set of hypotheses.It brings so much attention that it becomes one of the most controversial problems in modern philosophy of scrence.The argumems between Popper.Kuhn and Lakotos reprenented the controversy of folsoficationsm and Histoticisnt,whose standpoints closely correlated with the Duhem problem.In fact,they all had provded different solutions directly or indirectly.Howerve ,none of them was satisfying.