作为知识论的知识考古学

The Archaeology of Knowledge as Epistemology

作为一种知识论,知识考古学引入了话语和实践使之区别于传统的科学史和科学认识论。相对于科学史,考古学是从话语角度来看待科学的;相对于科学认识论,考古学是从历史角度来看待科学的。考古学对于传统科学史和科学认识论的改造,其目的就在于取消主体。考古学是一种无主体知识论,这直接表现为对历史连续性、真理和起源的反对上。考古学有着对知识、科学的独特理解。考古学无主体知识论对主体的否定,从根本上颠覆了现代认识论,不再属于科学认识论的范围,而是一种“反科学”。

As an epistemology, the archaeology of knowledge is different from traditional history of science and epistemology of science, introducing discourse and practice into itself. Compared with the history of science, the archaeology of science sees science from the angle of discourse; compared with the epistemology of science, the archaeology of science sees sciences from the angle of history. The reformation of archaeology to traditional history of science and epistemology of science aims at abolishing subject. The archaeology is a countersubject epistemology, which is directly represented in its opposition to the continuity of history, truth and origin. The archaeology has a unique understanding of knowledge and science. The counter - subject epistemology of the archaeology denies subject, which essentially upset the modern epistemology. Thus, it no longer belongs to the epistemology of science, and is rather a ＂counter- science＂.