汉字“巴”与土家族称谓考

The Word ‘巴’ and the Term of Address for ‘Tujia Nationality＇

从语义上讲,土家语“Pi35tsi55kha21”与汉字“巴”完全各异,从社会文化角度来看,它们之间又有较为密切的联系。“Pi35tsi55kha21”与“土家”均为该族人自称,但两者出现的历史顺序有先后之分,具体内涵也不尽相同。“Pa55”与“巴”亦非土汉对译。在土家语中,“pa55”可独立成词,但更多时候则充当合成词词素。单音节汉语词“巴”的部分名词义项跟土家族历史文化相关。

The meaning of ‘Pi^35tsi^55kha^21＇ is completely different from that of the Chinese character ‘巴＇ in meaning. But the two have close contact with each other from a point of view of society and culture. ‘Pi^35tsi^55kha^21’and ‘Tu-jia＇ are both self-address terms for people in the Tujia nationality, but they appeared in different periods of history and have different implications. ‘巴＇ is not the Chinese translation of ‘Pi^35tsi^55kha^21’ and vice versa. In the Tujia language, ‘Pa^55＇ can be used not only as an independent word, but also as a common morpheme. Some of the nominal meanings of ‘巴’ are related to the history and culture of Tujia.