艾滋病职业暴露防治的临床研究

Clinical strategy for the prevention of occupational exposure to HIV infection and post-exposure prophylaxis

目的 探讨艾滋病职业暴露防治对策。方法 制定《艾滋病职业暴露预防方案和处理流程》，参照艾滋病职业暴露处理DWDM模式，回顾性分析5例HIV感染职业暴露发生的类型、经过、暴露级别及用药预防效果。结果 354名医务人员在参与HIV感染病人的医治过程中，发生5例职业暴露事件，均实施了暴露后预防措施（PEP），并在暴露发生2h内用药预防HIV感染。经6mo的临床医学观察后，末发现1例HIV感染。结论 临床医务人员在医疗护理过程中易发生HIV感染职业暴露，《艾滋病职业暴露预防方案和处理流程》和艾滋病职业暴露处理DWDM模式对职业暴露预防和处理是有效的。

Objectives To explore the strategy for the prevention of occupational exposure to HIV infection and post-exposure prophylaxis. Methods Health-care workers follow the protocol for prevention of occupational exposure to HIV infection and a management flow for post-exposure prophylaxis. Analyze the type, duration, and degree of occupational exposure to HIV infection, as well as the efficiency of the drugs for post-exposure prophylaxis. Results From January 1992 to February 2006, 5 cases of occupational exposure to HIV occurred in a total of 354 health-care workers. At half year later, serological tests for HIV were negative in all of them. Conclusion Health-care workers are at risk on HIV occupational exposure to blood of HIV-infected patients. Our strategy is effective in the prevention of occupational exposure to HIV infection and post-exposure prophylaxis.