污染土壤生态修复理论内涵的初步探讨

An approach to the theoretical meaning of ecological remediation of contaminated soil.

污染土壤修复的目的是转移或转化土壤中有毒有害污染物,消除或减弱污染物毒性,恢复或部分恢复土壤的生态服务功能.由于土壤污染大多属于复合污染,通常需要用多种方法联合修复污染土壤.用一种统一的方法涵盖多种修复方法,注重系统内在修复功能同外加修复功能的有机结合,以及土壤生态服务功能的全面恢复是污染土壤修复的发展趋势.本文据此提出了污染土壤生态修复的概念,并指出生态修复应该遵从生态学的3个原理和3个原则.在生态修复中,生物修复的作用十分重要,但不同方法之间的组合服从于工艺优化原则.人为强化、激活土壤系统的净化功能,并实现同外加净化功能的耦合,可使修复效率大大提高.生态因子调控是污染土壤修复的必要前提,是生态修复的基本特征,是强化修复效果的重要手段.生态修复应该具有协调性、高效性与稳定性特征.生态修复的最终目标是土壤生态功能的恢复,生态修复的基准应该根据土壤的生态功能建立.生态修复理论将在指导污染土壤修复的实践方面发挥重要作用.

The objectives of contaminated soil remediation are to transfer and transform the hazardous contaminants in soil, to eliminate and reduce their toxicity, and to restore or partly restore the ecological service function of soil. Since soil contamination is always a combined one, it is essential to use multiple methods to remediate contaminated soil. It is a tendency of soil remediation to use a uniform method, which aims to restore the ecological service function of soil by combining the restoration of internal function with external clean function. This paper discussed the concepts of ecological remediation of contaminated soil, and the ecological principles which should be obeyed in ecological remediation. Bioremediation is very important for ecological remediation, and the method organization should obey the principles of technique optimization. Remediation efficiency can be improved if selfclean function of soil system is strengthened and activated, together with external clean function. Ecological factor adjustment is essential for contaminated soil remediation, and also, a basic characteristic of ecological remediation and an important means for the enhancement of remediation efficiency. Ecological remediation should be harmonious, efficient, and stable. The final objective of ecological remediation is to restore the ecological service function of soil, in which, the evaluation of ecological remediation is the base. Ecological remediation theory shall play an important role in contaminated soil remediation.