锂离子蓄电池硅基负极材料的研究

Studies on Si-based anodes for lithium ion batteries

综述了锂离子蓄电池硅基负极材料的制备、特性以及电化学性能的研究概况。分析了常温下锂与晶体硅以及无定形材料的电化学合金化机理,介绍了硅材料在充放电过程中的失效机制。重点探讨了单质硅、硅-金属复合材料、硅-碳材料作为锂离子蓄电池阳极材料的发展过程、反应机理以及充放电特性,并对其存在的问题进行了分析。对未来硅基材料的研究和应用作了探讨及预测,认为无定形合金薄膜材料以及纳米复合材料将是硅基材料的研究重点,硅基材料作为锂离子蓄电池商业化负极材料指日可待。

The progress on the preparation, characteristics and electrochemical performance of Si-based negative materials for lithium ion batteries were reviewed. The electrochemical alloying/dealloying mechanism of crystalline and amorphous Si were discussed during the insertion/extraction of lithium ions into/from the active materials, The failure modes of silicon powders, Si-M alloys and Si-C composite used as negative electrodes for lithium secondary batteries were also outlined, which will assist in further understanding the structure and morphology of Si-based materials. The amorphous alloy film and composite have many advantages in achieving good capacities and cyclabilities and being able to industrialization.