马克思哲学研究中的三个问题——兼答段忠桥教授

Three Problems in Studies of Marx's Philosophy——Answer to Prof.Duan Zhongqiao

在深入开展对马克思哲学的研究中,必定会遭遇到以下三个问题。第一个问题是马克思和恩格斯的关系问题。马克思和恩格斯有着非常密切的关系,尽管恩格斯也是历史唯物主义的创立者之一,但他和马克思的哲学思想之间仍然存在着差异。第二个问题是青年时期马克思和成熟时期马克思的关系问题。不应该把这两个时期的马克思的哲学思想截然分割开来并对立起来。尽管青年时期马克思的思想与成熟时期马克思的思想之间存在着重大的差别,但这两个时期的思想又有着深刻的内在联系。第三个问题是马克思哲学的本质的唯一性与解读这一本质的视角的多样性之间的关系。马克思哲学的本质是历史唯物主义,成熟时期的马克思没有提出过历史唯物主义以外的任何其他哲学理论,但对历史唯物主义的解读则可以从本体论、诠释学、人本主义哲学史等不同的视角来进行。

It is necessary for us to meet following problems as we try to investigate deeply Marx＇s philosophy. The first problem is relationship between Marx and Engels. It is well known that Marx and Engels have close friendship, however, there are differences between them though Engels is also one of the founders of Historical Materialism. The second problem is the relationship between young Marx and mature Marx. In my opinion, it is wrong to separate mature Marx from young Marx completely. Although there are essential differences between these two periods, mature Marx＇s thought has close relation to young Marx＇ s thought. The third problem is the relationship between the certainty of the essence of Marx＇s philosophy and various perspectives of understanding this essence. According to my point, the essence of Marx＇s philosophy is Historical Materialism, and mature Marx has not put forward any theory without link with Historical Materialism, however, people may read Historical Materialism from different perspectives, such as ontology, hermeneutics, the history of humanistic philosophy and so on.