转Bt基因作物及其安全性研究

Recent Advances of Bt Crops and Its Safety Assessment

随着转Bt基因作物的推广和应用,Bt作物的安全性问题也越来越受到重视。文章从Bt基因的分类、基因的克隆及应用,以及转Bt基因作物的生态安全性等方面进行了论述。Bt基因可以通过有性杂交,进入非转基因作物栽培种及野生近缘种中,造成基因污染,害虫在多代食用转Bt基因植物后可以产生抗性,而且转Bt基因作物对非靶标昆虫也有一定的影响,转Bt基因作物可以通过根系向土壤中释放Bt毒蛋白,对土壤生态系统产生影响。另外已经发现大豆(EPSPS)中的转基因有向人类肠道微生物转移的现象。本文综述了对Bt基因的利用进展及对环境及生物的影响,希望能为正确认识和研究利用转Bt基因作物提供一些思路。

With the development and application of Bt transformed crops, more attentions have been paid to the safety assessment of Bt crops.The classification,cloning and application of Bt gene had been reviewed, and the ecosafety assessment of Bt transformed crops was discussed in this paper.The Bt gene can be introduced into non-transformed crops and its wild relatives by sexual hybirdization. The target insects could evolve the resistance to Bt transformed crops after feed on them for several generations and the non-target insects were also affected by the Bt crops. It was proved that Bt transformed crops could release the Bt protein into the soil and make effects on the soil ecosystem. In addition, the transfer of transgenes from EPSPS soya was found in microflora in human gut by eating the GM soya containing foods.