重庆市城区0～5岁儿童睡眠状况的流行病学调查

Epidemiologic survey on sleep condition in children aged 0～5 years old in Chongqing

【目的】了解重庆城区5岁以下儿童睡眠状况，为培养儿童良好的睡眠习惯提供理论依据。【方法】随机抽取本市2个主要城区1363名0～5岁儿童进行睡眠状况的问卷凋查。【结果】儿童每天总睡眠时间和白天睡眠时间随年龄增长逐渐缩短．夜间睡眠时间逐渐延长，8月龄夜间持续睡眠形成。睡眠昼夜节律于4月龄开始形成。和国内《儿童保健学》和尼氏儿科学比较，重庆城区儿童在3岁前的各年龄段的睡眠时间均减少1h左右。睡眠障碍总患病率为35．22％。女童入睡困难和睡眠节律紊乱的患病率较高。男童打鼾的患病率较高。2岁以下儿童以夜醒、睡眠节律紊乱、入睡过早、夜惊、打鼾、呼吸暂停多见．2岁以上儿童以入睡困难、梦话、磨牙多见。【结论】本市儿童总睡眠时间少于国内外教科书上的参考标准．睡眠障碍的发生率较高。

[Objective] To investigate sleep status of children aged 0-5 years in Chongqing urban areas. [Methods] 1 363 children aged 0-5 years old were randomly selected among two urban districts in Chongqing from December 2004 to May 2005, whose mothers or caregivers were administrated to complete the questionaries . All the data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. [Results] The daily total sleep time and daytime sleep time got shorter with the advancing age while the nighttime sleep time got more longer. By 8 months of age, children can sleep through the whole night, at the age of 4 months infant circadian rhythm formed. Compared with the children sleep times from Nelson textbook of pediatrics or domestic child care textbook, the sleep times of children under 3 years in chongqing were less than 1 hour. The total prevalence of sleep disorders in children aged 0-5 years was 35.22 %. The prevalence of difficulty falling asleep and sleep rhythem disturbance in girls were higher than those in boys, .and the prevalence of snoring in girls was lower than that in boys. There Were higher prevalence in nighttime waking, sleep rhythm disorder, falling asleep prematurity, snoring and night terrors in children aged 0-2 years old while the percentage in difficulty falling asleep,sleeptalking and molar were higher in children aged 2-5 years old. [Conclusions] The total sleep time in children aged 0-5 years is relatively less than the data in textbooks and the prevalence of sleep disorders is more higer than some research results in other cities. It is the time to think highly of child sleep problems and strengthen health education to parents.