长期定位施肥对强筋小麦郑麦9023产量和品质的影响

Effects of Long-term Located Fertilization on Yield and Quality of High-gluten Wheat Zhengmai 9023

在“国家潮土肥力监测与肥料效益长期定位监测基地”15年不同施肥制度的基础上,研究了不同施肥处理对强筋小麦郑麦9023产量和品质的影响。结果表明:NP和NPK处理的小麦产量、穗粒数、穗数、蛋白质组分含量和蛋白质产量、湿面筋产量较其他处理有明显的提高,且形成时间明显缩短,稳定时间较长,弱化度减小;N和NK处理的小麦千粒重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量较其他处理有明显的提高,但是小麦产量、蛋白质和湿面筋产量最低;有机无机肥配施处理的产量均与NPK处理差异不显著,千粒重、穗数、蛋白质含量均较NPK处理高,以增施有机肥料(1.5MNPK)处理表现最为明显;秸秆还田(SNPK)能够增加蛋白质组分含量。在生产实践中,无机肥料和有机肥料合理配施,不仅能够改良土壤,还有利于提高小麦产量和改善品质,是保证小麦高产、稳产、优质的施肥措施。

Based on the 15 - year located, fertilization experiments in fluvo - aquic soil, the effects of long - term combined application of manure and inorganic fertilizers on quality and yield of high gluten wheat 9023 were studied. The results, showed that the treatments of NP and NPK significantly increased yield, kernel number per spike, spike number, protein component content, protein yield and wet gluten yield, but decreased the development time and degree of softening compared with other treatments. The treatments of N and NK made 1000 - Seed weight, the contents of protein and wet gluten improve more distinctly than other treatments did, but the grain yield, protein yield and wet gluten were very low. Contrasting to NPK, the combined.application of manure and inorganic fertilizers had better effects on improving 1000 - seed weight and spike number, while the straw returning （SNPK） increased the content of protein components. The conclusion could be drawn that long- term combined application of manure and inorganic fertilizers is very important for improving soil fertility, the yield and quality of wheat.