四川省阿坝州藏汉羌族学生膳食营养评价

Evaluation of Dietary Nutrition Among Tibetan,Han and Qiang Nationalities Students in A-ba County in Sichuan

目的了解四川省阿坝州少数民族中小学生膳食营养状况，为改善西部少数民族地区中小学生膳食营养状况提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法，对四川省阿坝藏羌自治州7～18岁藏、汉、羌族男女学生1651名进行24h膳食回顾调查，对其膳食质量及营养状况进行分析。结果藏、汉、羌族学生能量摄人普遍不足，各个年龄组未达到RNI的比例均在60％以上。能量主要来源为碳水化物，蛋白质和脂肪供能比偏低；3个民族学生钙摄入量普遍明显不足，低于AI值者超过97％，低于1／2AI值者占63．2％～93．6％；维生素A、硫胺素和核黄素、维生素C、维生素E均摄入不足，并随年龄增大而加重。3个民族学生能量摄入无明显差异，碳水化物摄人量藏族明显高于汉、羌族；其余各种营养素的摄入量藏、羌族均低于当地汉族，藏族最低。膳食平衡指数评价膳食质量表明，膳食质量距不为0，负端分均在27～32分之间，属中等偏下水平，各族学生蔬菜、水果、奶类和豆类、动物性食物均摄人不足，谷类摄入偏高；食物种类汉族优于藏、羌族，女生优于男生，但总体单调。结论四川省阿坝地区藏、汉、羌族学生营养摄入普遍不足、膳食质量差，藏、羌族学生更需营养改善。

Objective To study minority students＇ dietary nutrition in A-ba County in Sichuan Province, and to provide evidence for improving stu- dents＇ dietary nutrition in west of China. Methods By stratified random cluster sampling, 1 651 students（7 - 18 years old） were recruited in A-ba in Sichuan Province. Survey was performed with 24-hour food recall method. The nutrients intakes and results of DBI evaluation were compared between three nationalities. Results The average consumption of energy for all the students was not enough and above 60% of students were below the RNI. Energy was mainly from carbohydrate, and the proportions of protein and fat were low. The intakes of calcium were deficient among the students of the three nationalities, above.97.0% of them were below the AI and 63.2% - 93.6% were below the 1/2 AI. The consumptions of vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C and E were all deficiency, and the shortage increased with ages. Compared with the Han and Qiang nationalities, the Tibetan consumed the most carbohydrate and the lowest in other nutrients. DBI（dietary balance index） evaluation indicated that the students consumed more grain foods but less in vegetables , fruitages, milk, bean foods and animal foods. The sorts of the foods were monotonous,which was better in Han nationality students and females than in Zang and Qiang students and males. Conclusion The dietary pattern and nutrition status of Tibetan, Han and Qiang nationalities students should be improved.