青少年童年期反复身体和情感虐待经历及其相关因素研究

Repeating Childhood Physical,Emotional Maltreatment in Adolescents and the Related Factors

目的描述童年期反复发生的重度身体虐待、中度身体虐待和情感虐待行为的报告率,分析青少年及其父母的人口统计学特征与3种反复虐待行为的关系。方法5 453名初一、初二和高一、高二年级学生自愿参加无记名的问卷调查,回顾小学阶段经历的由父母或其他监护人实施的9项重度身体虐待8、项中度身体虐待和7项情感虐待行为,5 141人提供了完整的问卷。以在小学年龄阶段,3种共24项虐待类型中至少1项虐待行为平均1 a发生3次以上,界定为有该种童年期反复虐待经历。结果童年期反复重度身体虐待报告率为8.0%,从0.2%(把头按在水下)到6.6%(用脚踢);童年期反复中度身体虐待报告率为18.6%,从0.4%(强迫吃难吃的东西)到9.7%(用手或棍棒打臀部);童年期反复情感虐待报告率为14.4%,从0.8%(用恶鬼等恐吓)到11.8%(责骂)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析表明,在城市上学的农村户籍是3种童年期反复虐待行为的保护因素,女性是反复重度和中度身体虐待的保护因素,独生子女是中度身体虐待和情感虐待的保护因素;单亲家庭是重度和中度身体虐待的危险因素,父亲长期在外工作或打工是童年期反复重度身体虐待和情感虐待的危险因素,年龄大、继母为童年期反复情感虐待的危险因素。结论童年期反复身体和情感虐待行为较为常见,与青少年以及父母的人口统计特征存在关联。

Objective To describe prevalence of three forms of repeating childhood maltreatment, and to analyze the relationships between demographic variables aud the repeating maltreated behaviors. Methods A total of 5 453 middle school students in grade 7, 8, 10 and 11 participated in a selfadministered anonymous survey to report their maltreated experiences in nine items of serious physical maltreatment and seven items of emotional maltreatment. There were 5 141 students delivered valid questionnaires. The repeated maltreated behavior was defined that the respondents reported they experienced at least three times of mahreatment every, year during the primary-school-age. Results The incidence of repeating physical serious maltreatment was 8.0%, in which the lowest rate ,was 0.2% （head being pressed under water） and the highest was 6.6% （being kicked）. There were 18.6% of respondents exposing to repeating moderate physical maltreatment, in which the lowest rate was 0.4% of being forced to eating their disliked food and the highest was 9.7% of being spanked buttocks with hand or sticks. The incidence of repeating childhood emotional maltreatment was 14.4%, in which the lowest rate was 0.8% （ being threatened by speaking of evil spirits） and the highest was 11. 8% （ being scolded）. Using the trudtivariable logistic regression model, the results revealed that studying at urban middle school but registered residence in countryside were protective factor for three forms of repeating childhood maltreatment. It also found that female was the protective factor for repeating serious and moderate physical maltreatment, and only-child was the protective factor for repeating moderate physical maltreatment. The risk factors included single family for repeating childhood serious and moderate physical maltreatment, father worked out of his residence for repeating serious childhood physical maltreatment and emotional maltreatment and elder age or stepmother for emotional maltreatment. Conclusion Repeating childhood abusive behaviors are common. The prevalence is statistically association with sociademographic variables of the children and their parents.