宪政视野中的比例原则——从美国违宪审查判例中寻求衡平的正义

On the Principle of Proportionality in Constitutionalism——Seeking Justice in Equity from the Judicial Precedents in USA

比例原则近年来在公法领域得到发展和完善,它不是宪法明文规定的一项法律原则,而是通过判例在司法实践中发展起来的。比例原则包括适应性原则、必要性原则和均衡性原则三项子原则,主要作为违宪审查标准在宪法中得以适用。本文从研究美国违宪审查判例出发,探讨宪法视野中的比例原则。在我国宪法中引入比例原则,对完善我国宪政体制有重要意义。

The principle of proportionality gets development and perfection in public law recent years. It in not the principle written in constitutional law but developed by judicial precedents. This principle includes three subprinciples：the adaptive principle,the ecessary principle and the proportional principle.It is used as the standard of unconstitutional supervision. This paper begins with studying the judicial precedents in U.S.A and then focuses on the principle of proportionality in constitutional horizon. Introducing such principle to our constitution will help perfecting our constitutionalism construction.