从《金谷诗序》《兰亭集序》看两晋文人的生存选择与文学选择

Reflections on the subsistence choice and literature choice during the Jin dynasties based on a study of Jin Gu Shi Su and Lan Ting Ji Xu

西晋时期的金谷园会和东晋时的兰亭会均有诗文存世,比较《金谷诗序》及《兰亭集序》可知两晋文人的生存选择与文学选择有着本质的差异。金谷园会昼夜宴游的侈汰与石崇的务竞功名及金谷园的奢侈豪阔一致,兰亭会的高雅潇洒与王羲之的坦荡超逸及会稽山水的自然清丽相得益彰;石崇笔下的山水更多堆砌雕凿,更具富贵气象,而王羲之笔下的山水则纯然一派自然清丽,更具有审美意味;石崇的“感性命之不永,惧凋零之无期”是对生命短暂、富贵易逝的恐惧与忧患,是生命的感性体验与忧患,而王羲之的兴怀生死之叹既有对生命的感性体验,又有在对宇宙的仰观俯察之中的哲理性的思考,它体现的是对生命的高度理性和清醒的超越意识,更具哲理意味和文化意味。

Poems and essays of both the Jin Gu Yuan Society of the Xi Jin dynasty and Lan Ting League of Dong Jin Dynasty still could be found today. Comparison and contrast between Jin Gu Shi Xu and Lan Ting Ji Xu show that it is obvious that there the letter men of the two dynasties differed tremendously in subsistence choice and literature choice. The extravagant style of Jin Gu Yuan Society during their ceaseless festivities is in accord with Chong Shi＇s flaunt and ostentation and Jin Gu Yuan （manor） ＇s costliness and luxury. In contrast, the elegance presented by Lan Ting League is completely harmonious with WANG Xi-zhi＇ s uprightness and transcendence and the beauty of the unadulterated Kuaiji landscape, The description of landscape by CHONG Shi indicates the stack of pomposity which is representative of luxury meanwhile the landscape depicted by WANG Xi-zhi is full of unaffectedness and attractiveness so that it displays more aesthetic characteristic than CHONG Shi＇s poems, ＂Distressing for the impermanency of life ; Dreading for the endless of languish＂, is typically the grief to the life＇ s restriction and ascendancy＇ s possible comedown, However, WANG Xi-shi＇ s expression on life＇ s vitality or wither reflects not only his geist about life but also his philosophy about the grand universe created from his spiritual evaluation and observation. It demonstrates WANG＇ s lofty rationality and his unperturbed exceeding consciousness of the restrained life, which stands for abundant philosophical and cultural connotation.