稻稻栽培农业生态系统中不同硫肥对水稻的效应及土壤硫平衡(英文)

Rice response to various sulphur fertilizers and soil sulphur balance in rice-rice cropping agro-ecosystem

为了了解不同硫肥对水稻的效应及在水稻栽培农业生态系统中硫的循环与平衡情况，采用随机区组设计。将不同来源的硫肥设为7个处理包括：对照（不施硫），硫酸铵，过磷酸钙，自然硫素，石膏，50％石膏＋50％自然硫素，70％石膏＋30％自然硫素，对水稻进行处理。试验结果表明，不同硫肥对早稻谷粒产量有显著的影响，与对照相比，产量增加9．1％～10．3％。在早稻上施用硫肥可以提高干稻草产量和每公顷有效穗数，稻草产量增加5．3％～11．6％。施硫肥对株高和穗长没有明显影响，但可以提高结实率和千粒重。在早晚稻的稻草和谷粒中，硫含量没有明显提高，但在早稻明显提高了硫的吸收。施硫肥可以使水稻获得较好的效益，其中自然硫处理的净产值最高为1882．6元／ha。在广西，以水稻一水稻为栽培方式的地区每年施用30Skg／ha，土壤中硫保持正向平衡，而如果不采用这个施肥比例，土壤硫保持为负平衡；在这些地区，利用各种硫源包括硫肥施硫，对水稻生产将是一种较好的策略。

In order to investigate the effects of different sulphur fertilizers on rice and the recycling and balance of sulphur in rice-rice agro-ecosystem, seven treatments with different sulphur fertilizers were applied in a rice-rice cropping field with randomized block design, which included no sulphur （CK）, ammonium sulphate （AS）, single superphosphate （SSP）, elemental S （ES）, gypsum （GYP）, 50% S from gypsum and 50% from elemental sulphur （50% GYP ＋ 50% ES）, 70% S from gypsum and 30% from elemental sulphur （70% GYP ＋ 30% ES）. The resuits indicated that the effects of various sulphur fertilizers on grain yield of early rice were very significant with increasing rate 9.1%- 10.3%. Applying sulphur fertilizers in early rice could increase rice dry straw yield significantly with increasing rate 5.30%- 11. 6%, as well as the effective panicle per hectare. The plant height and panicle length were not affected obviously by applying various sulphur fertilizers, but it increased seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. Application of sulphur fertilizers could not increase sulphur content in the straw and grain for both early and late rice obviously, but it increased the sulphur uptake for early rice significantly. The benefits from the application of sulphur fertilizers were very good, and the net income of ES treatment was the highest with 1882.6 RMB yuan/ha. When 30kg/ha S per year was applied to a rice-rice cropping system in the areas of Guangxi, a positive sulphur balance could be remained in the soil while a negative sulphur balance was observed for the CK. Use of sulphur containing fertilizers seems a good strategy for rice production in Guangxi.